Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, which are the core acts of worship and devotion for Muslims. This pillar emphasizes the spiritual significance of self-discipline, self-reflection, and empathy for the less fortunate.

The obligation to fast applies to all healthy adult Muslims, regardless of their gender or nationality. During the month of Ramadan, which is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, Muslims abstain from food, drink, smoking, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset. This period of fasting is not only a test of physical endurance but also serves as a means of spiritual purification and growth.

However, there are exceptions to this obligation. Children who have not reached puberty, the elderly, and individuals who are physically or mentally unable to fast are exempt from fasting. Additionally, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and travellers are also exempt, as fasting may pose a risk to their health or well-being.

While fasting is mandatory for those who are able, Islam recognizes the importance of compassion and practicality in its teachings. The exemptions ensure that individuals who are unable to fast for legitimate reasons are not burdened or put at risk. Instead, they are required to make up for the missed days of fasting at a later time, if possible, or to provide food to those in need as a form of compensation, known as fidyah.